Effects of Post-Activation Performance Enhancement on Competitive Swimmers’ Performance: A Systematic Review

Study purpose. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects post-activation potentiation/post-activation performance enhancement (PAP/PAPE) warm-up protocols on swimmers’ performance. Materials and methods. searches were carried out electronic database PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, EBSCO platforms. Studies from 2010 May 2022 related PAP/PAPE its effect swimming in swimmers aged between 18 35 included. Results. Nine 333 studies included review. In two studies, peak thrust improved by 13% 19% for PAP vs non-PAP 3% One study showed improvements 10% speed fluctuation 25 m all-out non-PAP. Rate force development (RFD) 15 maximum effort higher dry land warm up (DLWU) than (SWU). had velocity 5 repetition (RMWU) eccentric fly-wheel (EWU) SWU. demonstrated enhancements upper-body (UBPAP), low-body (LBPAP) MIX (UBPAP/LBPAP) based general exercises (GEN) time freestyle (T25FS). Two found band squats compared specific (SSWU) m. that trial (PAPT) faster control (CTT) 50 100 trial. Dive (DV) RMWU/EWU significant increase power vertical (PVF) horizontal (PHF) after SSWU. Conclusions. is one more tool can be beneficial if adapted conditions swimmers, controlling fatigue levels, where it performed (land or water), most importantly, described many coaches, specificity movement.